There are parasites we need to be concerned about with our pets that are not really 'ÂÂworms.'ÂÂ These are called Protozoal Parasites. They are single-celled intestinal parasites that can have similar effects on pets as intestinal worms. These protozoal parasites are diagnosed via a microscopic fecal exam as are other intestinal parasites.
Coccidia: Probably the most common protozoal parasite found in dogs and cats. Coccidial infection is often caused by ingesting rabbit or bird (goose) droppings.
Giardia: This protozoal parasite that causes diarrhea is found in bodies of water, including puddles and creeks. Dogs who become infected with Giardia have usually been swimming or drinking from creeks, puddles, etc.
Toxoplasma: Shed in cat feces, this parasite causes concerns for pregnant women. However, you are more likely to become infected from handling soil or eating raw meat than you are from a cat. Cats pick up Toxoplasma from eating wild animals, so indoor only cats are very unlikely to have this parasite.
Now, some of you may be wondering about your pets who have been diagnosed as having clostridial diarrhea or a bacterial overgrowth in the intestines at some point in their lives. It'ÂÂs not uncommon for pets to have bacterial infections in their intestines. This is a different problem than intestinal parasites.
Clostridia: A few clostridia in the intestines is normal. However, for various reasons, this bacteria can overgrow (multiply into large numbers) and cause diarrhea, vomiting, lethargy and anorexia.
Campylobacter: This bacteria is often carried by birds and shed in their droppings. Dogs and cats coming into contact with the droppings or contaminated soil or water can become infected. Campylobacter causes diarrhea, and can cause vomiting, lethargy and anorexia.
Bacterial infections are often characterized by diarrhea. These infections are diagnosed by looking at a thin film of feces under a microscope to view the bacteria. Treatment consists of a special antibiotic, often along with a probiotic, to help restore the normal flora in the intestines.
As always, caution and good hygiene should be used in picking up your pet'ÂÂs feces/scooping the litter box to minimize exposure to any parasites or bacteria.